The Pros And Cons Of Racial Profiling - 1418 Words

One of the many controversial topics is racial profiling. For centuries, America has looked down and discriminated minorities and it still continues today. It began when minorities started to immigrate to America in search of better lives. Most whites believed in white supremacy and thought minorities were aliens. The police use racial profiling mostly towards minority groups. Racial profiling is the use of race or a skin color to suspect someone of doing an offense. While some people think that racial profiling is beneficial because it lowers crime rates, racial profiling creates false accusations against minorities; therefore we should limit the use of racial profiling. Many victims of racial profiling are minorities, especially†¦show more content†¦There are also other types of evidence to demonstrate that racial profiling targets minorities. Data and statistics also show that minorities are discriminated due to racial profiling. In the essay â€Å"The big question abo ut why police pull over so many black drivers†, Kim Soffen provides statistics from other credible sources to show that the police excessively targets African Americans. â€Å"The Times analysis found that among the largest police department in each of those four states, black drivers were between 1.5 and 5.2 times more likely to have their cars searched than white drivers† (par. 9). Also, â€Å"A 2015 analysis by the Hartford Courant found that black and Hispanic drivers who were stopped were 11 to 41 percent more likely to be ticketed than white offenders, depending on the offense committed† (par. 11). The difference between African Americans and Hispanic to whites is huge because of racial profiling. It shows how much the police discriminates against the minority groups. The police show discrimination when they mostly target African Americans and Hispanics. Police think that minorities are the only people who can commit crimes, but whites are just as capable o f committing crimes. Another essay that shows the misjudgment of African Americans is â€Å"The secret surveillance of ‘suspicious’ blacks in one of the nation’s poshest neighborhoods† byShow MoreRelatedThe Pros And Cons Of Racial Profiling1046 Words   |  5 PagesSection One: A social problem in the U.S that I will be discussing is racial profiling. Racial profiling has been a method that polices use to target suspicious individuals based on the stereotypes of their race, and I believe it is an immoral tactic. I never knew what racial profiling was until I was a senior year in high school and learned how injustice it was. I was disappointed I was not aware of this procedure, because this violates an individual’s physical appearance, and in the United StatesRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Racial Profiling848 Words   |  4 Pagesdealing drugs or committing theft to obtain expensive items they have legally purchased. Unfair racial profiling, by police officers, that Police departments condone and feel are necessary to identify criminals and criminal activity before it occurs and causes harm to others. Assumptions that have for â€Å"Three hundred years† from Slave Patrols, Black Codes, Jim Crow, Convict Leasing and Racial Profiling that violat e a persons’ â€Å"14th Amendment rights of â€Å"equal protection under the law.† As the 14thRead MoreRacial Profiling : An American Trauma921 Words   |  4 Pages2017 Racial Profiling: An American Trauma One of the most imminent threats looming within American society is race relations. America is a melting pot of different races, cultures, and religions, yet the matter of racial profiling still remains prominent today. By definition it is considered â€Å"an activity carried out by enforcers of the law wherein they investigate or stop any individual in traffic or round up people of the same race or ethnicity for crime suspicion† (NYLN.org ). This profiling hasRead MoreArizona’s Immigration Law Essay988 Words   |  4 PagesEnforcement and Safe Neighborhoods Act† {House Bill 2162}. This bill gives law enforcement officers and agencies the authority, to lawfully stop, detain and arrest anyone who appears to look like an illegal alien. The bill out-right condones racial profiling and it violates civil rights, as well! Home Land security statistics on immigration verifies that there are approximately 11 million illegal immigrants who reside in the United States. In Arizona, there is an estimate of 460,000 unauthorizedRead MoreThe Patriot Act; Agree of Disagree877 Words   |  4 PagesCassady Pitt - U.S. Patriot Act and Racial profiling: Are there consequences of discrimination?) to come up with this critical argument essay. There are advantages and disadvantages of the Patriot Act. Although The Bill of Rights gives us privacy that could be invaded, is effectual for our country because this helps law enforcement have more resources and more freedom to help. Here are two disadvantages of the Patriot Act to be discussed. First racial profiling and, second America’s right to privacyRead MoreEssay about Racial Profiling in Todays Society1724 Words   |  7 PagesRacial Profiling in Todays Society Racial profiling is the tactic of stopping someone because of the color of his or her skin and a fleeting suspicion that the person is engaging in criminal behavior (Meeks, p. 4-5). This practice can be conducted with routine traffic stops, or can be completely random based on the car that is driven, the number of people in the car and the race of the driver and passengers. The practice of racial profiling may seem more prevalent in today’s society, butRead MoreStop and Frisk Policy1804 Words   |  8 PagesAbstract The purpose of this paper is to discuss the pros and cons of the Stop and Frisk policy in New York. This paper covers a short history of Stop and Frisk. It also will address the progression of the policy throughout the years. Furthermore, it will relate the topic to the management, gender, and race class focusing in on how the unconscious bias plays a role in how the police choose who to stop. The paper also includes some statistics of Stop and Frisk encounters. It will conclude withRead MoreRacial Profiling Is An Action Or Practice?2014 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction â€Å"Discrimination is an action or practice that excludes, disadvantages, or merely differentiates between individuals, or groups of individuals, on the basis of some ascribed or perceived traits (Dunham)†. Amnesty International USA defines racial profiling as, â€Å"the targeting of individuals and groups by law enforcement officials, even partially, on the basis of race, ethnicity, national origin, or religion, where there is ‘trustworthy information’, relevant to the locality and time frame, thatRead MoreThe Pros and Cons of Profiling by Law Enforcement Essay1833 Words   |  8 Pagesof various crimes. Numerous approaches can be offered for this process, but profiling is a common tactic that has aided law enforcement in seeking justice for both suspects and victims. Although viewed negatively at times, law enforcement profiling is an effective tool for police officers that should not be abandoned due to infrequent and negligible invasions into an innocent person’s personal privacy. Suspect profiling has diverse backgrounds, intentions, and classifications that are demonstratedRead MoreRacial Profiling Is Wrong Or Wrong?1826 Words   |  8 Pages Racial profiling has been a touchy subject for United States citizens. Racial profiling has been around for quite some time in America and it more than often benefits the majority population (white America). More recently, the controversial topic has been brought to light. The debate over Racial Profiling topic is whether or not racial profiling is wrong or right. Multiple opinions from notable sources have been debating over this topic for decades. Some sources give reasons and examples in order

Ernest Hemingway Essay - 1365 Words

ERNEST HEMINGWAY nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Ernest Hemmingway is a masculine writer of immense emotion. He writes off of his life experiences and his feelings towards different subjects. Ernest Hemingway’s themes are virile on the surface, but when analyzed, one will find them to be romantic and sentimental. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;As one will find through the reading of Hemingway’s works he is a very masculine writer. Says one critic: â€Å"Hemingway fans have long made reference to the â€Å"Hemingway Hero’s†, or the â€Å"macho men† which seem to dominate most of the author’s semi-autobiographical works†(essortment1). Brian Dennis writes: â€Å"Hemingway’s themes show part of his life. He was a man who delights in fishing, in hunting, in†¦show more content†¦It is truly a gripping story, told in a lean hard athletic narrative. Mr. Hemingway shows uncanny skill at implementing his own masculine beliefs and values into a theme of immense emotion†(essortment2). Seeing through the masculinity in the story Justin Day writes: â€Å"Mr. Hemingway has such a hold on his values that he makes an absorbing, beautifully and tenderly absurd, heartbreaking narrative of it, when on the surface, it seems as if it is going to be one of his infamous â€Å"Man Stories†(day3). Speaking of â€Å"A Farewell to Arms† which is a highly reviewed Hemingway story, Arthur Waldhorn writes that: â€Å"The chief result is of enamel luster imparted to the story as a whole, not precisely and iridescence, but a white light, rather, that pales and flashes, but never warms. Which is Hemingway’s way of thinking, it is apparent that he has soft spots in his work and in his thoughts, but he refuses to let them show†(Waldhorn2). Reviewing the same story Jeff Marx states that â€Å"a Victorian telling the story of Henry and Catherine would have waxed sentimental; he would have sought the tears of his reader. And he would surely himself shed tears as he wrote†(jackson73). Many believe that Hemingway wrote about fictional characters that had the life that Ernest Hemingway himself tried to lead. Brian Dennis speaking of the story â€Å"To Have and Have Not† states: â€Å"Henry was a big bruiser of a man, hard asShow MoreRelatedEssay Ernest Hemingway2650 Words   |  11 Pages Ernest Hemingway’s tough, terse prose and short, declarative sentences did more to change the style of written English that any other writing in the twentieth century. Ernest Hemingway had many great accomplishments in his historical life but one event sticks out from the rest. The Old Man and the Sea is one of Hemingway’s most enduring works. Told in Language of great simplicity and power, it is the story of an old Cuban fisherman, agonizing battle with a giant marlin far out in the Gulf StreamRead More Ernest Hemingway Essay974 Words   |  4 Pages Ernest Hemingway was born on July 21, 1899 in a small community of Oak Park, Illinois. He was the second child out of six, with four sisters and one brother. The area Ernest grew up in was a very conservative area of Illinois and was raised with values of strong religion, hard work, physical fitness and self-determination. His household was a very strict one that didn’t allow any enjoyment on Sundays and disobedience was strictly punished. Ernest’s father taught him good morals and values that heRead MoreThe Battler by Ernest Hemingway680 Words   |  3 Pages Throughout life, the people that you may encounter and form relationships with will be the ones that shape who you are and ultimately influence your decisions, actions and personality. In â€Å"The Battler† by Ernest Hemingway, Nick Adams, a young man of roughly twenty years of age encounters an older gentleman named Ad Francis, a once-famous boxer who claims to have gone â€Å"crazy† after his life as a fighter. Ad is accompanied by his best friend Bugs, a black man who accompanies him on his travels throughoutRead MoreErnest Hemingway Essay526 Words   |  3 PagesErnest Hemingway Who is Ernest Hemingway? Ernest Hemingway was born in Oak Park, Illinois, an upper-middle-class suburb of Chicago(Ernest Hemingwaypar 4). He was born in the front bedroom of grandfather Ernest Halls house at eight oclock A.M., July 21, 1899. His parents were Dr. Clarence Edmonds and Grace Hall Hemingway. Ernest was the second child and his sister, Marcelline, was born eighteen months earlier. He also had two other siblings. Carol was born July 19, 1911Read MoreThe Life of Ernest Hemingway1411 Words   |  6 Pages(shmoop.com). Ernest Hemingway was an honest and noble man. His life was highlighted by his successful writing career that brought him fame, fortune, but ultimately loneliness. Ernest Hemingway fell into a hole of drinking and depression (lib.utexas.edu). It was odd for Hemingway to become so emotionally unstable after having a happy childhood, quality experiences, and a successful writing career. Ernest Hemingway was born in Oak Park Illinois in 1899. Oak Park was the town in which Ernest spent hisRead More Ernest Hemingway Essay1638 Words   |  7 PagesErnest Hemingway The writer/artist that I chose to enlighten you with has inspired many writers as well as literature majors for many years. He continues to tickle our imaginations with the legacy that he has left us with. This man was as genuine as you can get. He was loved by many. He made an impact on any life that he came across. This man is non other than, Ernest Hemingway. Hemingway was a free spirit in an unattached sense. He loved adventure, as well as the drink. He was somewhatRead MoreThe Life of Ernest Hemingway523 Words   |  2 Pages On July 21, 1899 Ernest Miller Hemingway was born in Cicero (Oak Park), Illinois. Clarence and Grace Hemingway, Ernest’s parents, raised him and his five siblings in the suburbs and spent time at their cottage in northern Michigan. This is where Ernest learned his love of the outdoors. His father taught him to row a boat, start a fire, clean and cook a fish, make a wild-onion sandwich and handle a gun (Reef, 2009). In high school Hemingway began to write for his school newspaper Trapeze and TabulaRead MoreErnest Hemingway Essay2077 Words   |  9 Pages Ernest Hemingway pulled from his past present experiences to develop his own thoughts concerning death, relationships, and lies. He then mixed these ideas, along with a familiar setting, to create a masterpiece. One such masterpiece written early in Hemingways career is the short story, quot;Indian Camp.quot; quot;Indian Campquot; was originally published in the collection of quot;in Our Timequot; in 1925. A brief summary reve als that the main character, a teenager by the name of Nick, travelsRead MoreResearch Paper On Ernest Hemingway1155 Words   |  5 PagesThe Most Interesting Man In The World The author I have chosen is Ernest Hemingway, who is one of the most celebrated authors of the 20th century. He was an American novelist, short story writer, and journalist. Hemingway wrote a variety of novels. My favorites are For Whom the Bell Tolls, written in 1940, A Farewell to Arms, written in 1929, and The Sun Also Rises, written in 1926. Most of Hemingway’s works are often criticized and considered sexist, but I believe that they give us a glimpse fromRead More Ernest Hemingway Essay1584 Words   |  7 Pages Ernest Miller Hemingway was born in Oak Park, Illinois July 21, 1899. Hemingway is known to be one of the most influential writers of the twentieth century. He has written more than one hundred short fiction stories, many of them to be well known around the world. Some of these short stories had just as powerful an impact as his novels. As a young man, Hemingway left from his hometown to Europe, where he worked for the Red Cross during World War I. His time spent there inspired him to write some

Expansionary Policy Free Essays

Expansionary policy is a macroeconomic policy that seeks to expand the money supply to encourage economic growth or combat inflation. One form of expansionary policy is fiscal policy, which comes in the form of tax cuts, rebates and increased government spending. Expansionary policies can also come from central banks, which focus on increasing the money supply in the economy. We will write a custom essay sample on Expansionary Policy or any similar topic only for you Order Now The U. S. Federal Reserve employs expansionary policies whenever it lowers the standard fed funds rate or discount rate or when it buys Treasury bonds on the open market, thereby injecting capital directly into the economy. I will focus this paper?on these policies and theories, and how the federal government would engage them?in an effort to move the economy out of a recession. The Great Depression challenged the classical model with the reality of a long depression and high unemployment. In The General Theory, Keynes attacked the classical model in two important ways. First, he identified some flaws in the model. Second, unlike the business cycle theorists, he offered a well-developed alternative model of the macroeconomy. This model was the basis for the Keynesian revolution, the change in macroeconomic theory and policy that occurred when Keynes’s ideas displaced the classical explanation of how output and employment are determined. The Keynesian model begins with aggregate demand and works from there to employment, instead of the other way around (Amacher Pate, 2012). In the 1930s Unemployment was high because planned spending was too low to generate the level of output that would result in full employment. Thus, too little spending was identified as the cause of unemployment. To reduce unemployment, planned spending had to increase. In the language of aggregate supply and aggregate demand (a model developed after Keynes), aggregate demand had to shift to the right. In attempting to identify the cause of employment, Keynes reasoned as follows: EXPANSIONARY POLICY 3 The level of employment is directly related to the level of production, or output. In a market economy, planned spending on the output of the business sector will determine the level of production. Firms adjust their levels of production to meet demand for their products. Put simply: Supply adjusts to demand. (In contrast, Say’s law said that supply creates its own demand). Because employment depends on production and production responds to spending, the level of employment in a market economy depends on the level of planned spending in the economy (Perry, 2009). Before Keynes balanced budgets were generally accepted by politicians and the public as the responsible thing. Keynesian view challenged the desirability of balanced budgets. Argued that federal budget should be used to promote AD/full employment. Federal Budget influences AD two ways: ?Government spending on goods and services stimulates AD. National defense, highways, education, etc. Tax policy influences AD. Tax cut increases disposable income, increases PCE – C goes up. Business tax cut increases business investment on equipment, etc. Keynes argues that fluctuations in AD are the source of economy disturbances and create the bus cycle – â€Å"Animal Spirits. † Policy conclusion; stabilize the economy through fiscal policy (Perry, 2009). If economy is in recession, government should engage in expansionary fiscal policy†¦increase government spending and/or reduce taxes, increase budget deficit. Borrow money (to finance the deficit) from individuals, businesses or foreigners. Economy is in recession at due to animal spirits. Downward pressure on prices. Expansionary fiscal policy (active budget deficit) cut personal income taxes, cut corporate taxes; increase government spending government can pursue restrictive fiscal policy to reduce AD1 to AD2 (Investopedia, 2013). EXPANSIONARY POLICY 4 Keynesian view; government should engage in activist, discretionary, countercyclical policy to stabilize economy. Run deficit during recession to stimulate (increase) AD. Run surplus during expansion to restrain (decrease) AD. Since budget deficits are now permanent, restrictive policy now means a smaller deficit, not a surplus. If deficit goes from $200B to $100B, that is restrictive, even though there is still a deficit (Investopedia, 2013). When Keynes attacked the ideas of the classical school in The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money (1936), he was attacking the mainstream of 19th-century economic thought. In doing so, he ignored some important work by other economists, such as Henry Simons and Irving Fisher, who were working in the classical tradition. The ideas that Keynes criticized were those that drove the macroeconomic policies of his time. His contributions changed the policy approach to recessions and depressions for decades to follow (Amacher Pate, 2012). Fiscal policy relies on changes in government spending and taxes (and transfer payments, which can be treated as negative taxes). In general, conservative Keynesians prefer tax changes, leaving the level of government spending constant. Liberal Keynesians are more likely to favor changes in government spending or transfer payments. Fiscal policy cannot be considered outside the context of the level and composition of existing government spending†¦ In the United States, a large share of the nation’s income is claimed by government, and a substantial share of output is produced by or for government (Amacher Pate, 2012). There are two kinds of fiscal policy. One kind is put into place and left to respond automatically to changes in the level of economic activity. The second kind, used less frequently, is deliberate action to change tax laws or enact new spending programs so as EXPANSIONARY POLICY 5 to influence the level of output, employment, and prices. Congressional legislation over the years, much of it enacted during the Great Depression, has created a system of tax collections and transfer payments that change automatically in response to changes in national income. These automatic stabilizers partially offset changes in private spending and tend to reduce fluctuations in output and employment. They primarily include changes in income tax collections, Social Security and welfare benefits, and unemployment compensation claims. Because these automatic stabilizers are triggered by changes in the economy, they do not require further action by Congress (Amacher Pate, 2012). Transactions involving bonds, reserves, loans to banks, and Federal Reserve notes are the tools of monetary policy. The Fed uses the money supply and interest rates to affect output, employment, and the price level. The Fed has three ways to influence the money supply: open market operations, changes in the discount rate, and changes in the reserve ratio. Open market operations involve buying and selling bonds to affect banks’ reserves. The discount rate affects the level of bank borrowing from the Fed. Changes in the reserve ratio affect excess reserves (Investopedia, 2013). The Fed’s preferred tool is open market operations. Open market operations are purchases and sales of bonds by the Fed on the open market in order to affect bank reserves. Open market operations are a very flexible tool. The impact on reserves can be precisely determined to be as large or as small as desired. Open market operations can be reversed if necessary and can be done without any ordeal. They are done by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. Bonds are bought and sold through brokers in New York City. The New York district bank has this responsibility because New York is the financial center of the country. The New York Fed, however, does not buy and sell on EXPANSIONARY POLICY 6 the basis of its own decisions. It carries out the directives of the FOMC. (Amacher Pate, 2012). These changes are shown on the T-accounts of Banks. If the Fed buys a bond from an individual or a firm, the seller will deposit the check from the Fed in a bank. The bank will clear the check through the Fed, and its reserves with the Fed will increase by the amount of the sale. No matter where the Fed buys bonds, bank reserves increase by the amount of the Fed purchase. Banks may also borrow directly from the Fed. Borrowing from the Fed by banks is called â€Å"using the discount window. † The interest rate the Fed charges a bank is called the discount rate. The higher the rate, the less eager banks are to borrow. The discount rate is normally lower than other interest rates at which banks could borrow. When an increase in the reserve ratio leaves banks with too little reserves. Banks have to contract their deposits by selling interest-earning assets or eliminating loans. Such a forced contraction creates a difficult situation for both banks and their loan customers. It takes time to adjust. For this reason, the Fed may cushion the impact of a decline in bank reserves by keeping the discount window open (Amacher Pate, 2012). Each Federal Reserve Bank sets a discount rate for the depository institutions of its district, but the rates are usually the same in all 12 districts. Normally the discount rate is slightly below the market interest rate. The discount rate functions as a signal more than as a direct tool of monetary control. A decrease signifies the Fed’s desire to stimulate the economy. Changes in the discount rate also alter the profitability of borrowing from the Fed in order to relend. A lower rate makes borrowing from the Fed more attractive and encourages banks to hold fewer excess reserves. They know they can easily borrow from the Fed if necessary (Amacher Pate, 2012). EXPANSIONARY POLICY 7 The Fed sets and changes the reserve ratio. There are two kinds of assets that a bank can count toward meeting the required reserve. One is currency and coins, or vault cash. The second, and larger, consists of funds the bank has on deposit with its district Reserve Bank. The Fed requires depository institutions to hold reserves equal to certain fractions of the different kinds of deposits they have. The reserve ratio is higher for banks with deposits over $40 million. One reason why banks collapsed during panics before the Fed was created was that their reserves were too small or not readily available. In practice, reserves now have little to do with the safety of checking and savings account deposits. Their safety is ensured by deposit insurance. However, reserves do ensure that banks will have some ready funds to meet withdrawals. A change in the reserve ratio changes the maximum size of the money supply, not by changing bank reserves, but by changing the deposit multiplier. The deposit multiplier is the reciprocal of the reserve ratio. When the reserve ratio changes from 20% to 10%, the deposit multiplier increases from 5 to 10. A reduction in the reserve ratio has a double impact on the money supply. First, it converts some required reserves into excess reserves. Second, it increases the size of the deposit multiplier. Decreasing the ratios leaves depositories initially with excess reserves, which can induce an expansion of bank credit and deposit levels and a decline in interest rates (Perry, 2009). A change in the reserve ratio is more complex than open market operations because of this double impact. Because it is such a powerful tool, changes in the reserve ratio are made rarely and in small amounts. Even a change of a fraction of a percent can have a very large (and somewhat uncertain) impact on the economy and can be very unsettling to banks. Both economists and politicians have disagreed over the effectiveness of the EXPANSIONARY POLICY 8 Fed in using its monetary policy tools. The debates of the 19th century over how freely banks should lend are still alive. There is still support for a policy of easy money, unlimited credit, and inflation among those who are in debt and want to be able to borrow more and pay it back with cheaper dollars. There are also groups who support a hard-money policy, ranging from those who simply want monetary growth carefully controlled to those who would like to return to full-bodied money, usually a gold standard (Perry, 2009). Keynesians would advocate an increase in the money supply (expansionary monetary policy), which would decrease interest rates, increase spending, increase AD, increase prices and output, and decrease unemployment. Keynesians believe in more flexibility or â€Å"discretion†, with the Fed adjusting money supply to respond to economic conditions. Expansionary Policy is a useful tool for managing low-growth periods in the business cycle, but it also comes with risks. First and foremost, economists must know when to expand the money supply to avoid causing side effects like high inflation. There is also a time lag between when a policy move is made (whether expansionary or contractionary) and when it works its way through the economy. How to cite Expansionary Policy, Papers

Public Relation The Unseen Power

Question: Select a campaign, write a critical analysis of public relation. your essay should acknowledge all sources and data and should be fully and consistently referenced using Harvard referencing system.? Answer: The study is solely focused on the critical analysis of public relation. Presently, it is important for an organization to maintain public relation as it is important in running the organization profitably. A public relation is a tool with the help of which an organization or individual manages the widely spread information between an individual or even an organization and the public. Here in this essay, a campaign of public relation of Coca Cola Company is selected. Throughout the study, the characteristics of the public relation campaign of Coca Cola are critically discussed, and the other considerations of the campaign have also been focused by the researcher. Thus, the study is typically based on the public relations campaign and the critical evaluation of its characteristics. A public relationship campaign is a sequence of actions that are designed well in advance and at the same time, which are associated with a specific goal. This generally differs with the other genres of public relation, such as the routine publicity techniques, advertising in media and reacting to any events. According to l'Etang (2012), generally possesses three main characteristics, and those objectives are the identification of objectives, determining the key steps and formulation of a message that should be taken in order to meet the specified objectives and finally, conveying that message to the targeted audience. These are the key steps that have to be undertaken by Coca Cola. Determining the objectives: According to Smith (2012), the best campaign of public relation will definitely possess certain clear objectives, which will help the campaign to become successful. However, Rice and Atkin (2012) argued that these objectives are identified only to increase the brand awareness, publicity of the goods or services, though in order to become successful it should be more specific. The specification of the objectives should be in the context of increasing the sales of a particular product and services. If the objectives are specific, it has two advantages; it helps to concentrate on the planning and execution of the campaign more easily. On the other hand, the success of the campaign could be quantified more easily. The objectives can be determined by using the SWOT analysis. With the SWOT analysis, the internal strengths and weaknesses of the organization will be determined along with the external opportunities and threats. Therefore, it will be easier to determine the objectives based on these factors. The concerned organization will be able to focus more on its weaknesses and address the threats in the market through effective public relation campaigns. However, according to Khang et al. (2012), sometimes the public relation campaigns are not much effective in addressing the prevailing threats, rather they evoke the competitors. Designing the message: In a public relation, campaigning determines the key steps towards success and designs a message to inform the accurate audience, whether the execution is necessary, in order to establish a perfect communication. A natural and widely accepted rule of thumb is to design the message which is as clear and specific as possible and also without losing the conscience and exactness of the message. Generating the message in such a way will obviously perform beyond the desired goal, not just informing them about the product or service but also compelling them to take a particular action. This is the most vital stage of the public relations campaign. The message designing can be done on the basis of the evaluative analysis of the objectives. Edwards (2012), pointed out that, if a particular message is conveyed in the public relation campaign, the prior responsibility of the concerned organization will be to stick on to that. Otherwise, the company will lose its face. Coca cola Companys message is open happiness, it is so perfectly designed that it directly catches the attention of every audience. Targeting: According to Cutlip (2013), the public relation campaigns generally target the entire population. However, it is sometimes necessary to target a specific group of people. The group should be identified efficiently and effectively, as this group should respond just as it is desired to respond to the message. In the case of a company, this could be that particular consumers who are most likely to buy a specific product or service, this generally depends on the tastes and preferences, willingness to pay as well as the interest on that particular product. In the case of a membership group, this can be referred to the potential members. However, Dozier et al. (2013), argued that specifically in the case of campaign group it should be the potential supporters and activists. Otherwise, it could also be the authoritarian person with the ability to take decisions effectively and efficiently. Efficient targeting is another key factor in the public relation campaign; it actually involves the ke y attribute. By proper targeting, the concerned campaign is able to reach to the desired audiences. The Coca Cola Company targeted the young and the middle-aged population as their main customers. This has helped the company to achieve a greater customer base. However, apart from these three factors there are also a wide range of factors that broadly determines the success of a public relation campaign. The public relation campaign should work in a specified direction and that to with a perfectly planned budget (Conway et al., 2013). The money spent to conduct the campaign should be spent as effectively as possible. The campaign of Coca Cola should also follow the specified legal guidelines, such as it cannot breach the concerned rules regarding the incentives offered to the public figures by the company. Again, the personnel concerned in determining and designing the message should also be careful about the fact that, the message could be misinterpreted. Therefore, according to Ganesh and Zoller (2012), the message should be designed in such a way that the audience does not misinterpret it. In order to conclude it can be said that, the public relation campaign nowadays has become an inevitable part of life. To the companies or organizations it is their way to reach the people, on the other hand, it is the people who become aware of other products or services with the help of these campaigns. Therefore, it is important as well as necessary for both the parties involved. If the determination of objectives, designing of the message and efficient targeting in all these stages are performed exactly and effectively, it is evident that the public relation campaign of Coca Cola will be successful. Reference List Conway, B. A., Kenski, K., Wang, D. (2013). Twitter use by presidential primary candidates during the 2012 campaign. American Behavioral Scientist, 57(11), 1596-1610. Cutlip, S. M. (2013). The unseen power: Public relations: A history. Routledge. De Moya, M., Jain, R. (2013). When tourists are your friends: Exploring the brand personality of Mexico and Brazil on Facebook. Public Relations Review, 39(1), 23-29. Dozier, D. M., Grunig, L. A., Grunig, J. E. (2013). Manager's guide to excellence in public relations and communication management. Routledge. Edwards, L. (2012). Defining the objectof public relations research: A new starting point. Public Relations Inquiry, 1(1), 7-30. Ganesh, S., Zoller, H. M. (2012). Dialogue, activism, and democratic social change. Communication Theory, 22(1), 66-91. Khang, H., Ki, E. J., Ye, L. (2012). Social media research in advertising, communication, marketing, and public relations, 19972010. Journalism Mass Communication Quarterly, 89(2), 279-298. l'Etang, J. (2012). Public relations: Critical debates and contemporary practice. Routledge. Rice, R. E., Atkin, C. K. (2012). Public communication campaigns. Sage. Smith, R. D. (2012). Strategic planning for public relations. Routledge.